Instructor
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Dr. Muhammad Islam PhD Applied Linguistics University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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INTRODUCTION TO SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS
Definition of Semantics and Pragmatics
The Borderline between Semantics and Pragmatics
Sentence and Utterance
Language and Logic
The Explicit and the Implicit
SEMANTICS AND LINGUISTICS
Semantics in Linguistics
Semantics in a Model of Grammar
Historical Semantics
Semantics in Other Disciplines
Semantics and Semiotics
IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT SEMANTICS
Reference and Sense
Utterance, Sentence and Proposition
Utterance, Sentence and Proposition -Activities
Literal and Non-Literal Meaning
Semantics and Pragmatics
THEORIES OF MEANING
What Is meaning?
Meaning Holism -Meaning within Language
Idea Theory of Meaning
Meanings Are out in the World
Meaning of Sentences and Truth Condition
Putting Meaning Together from Pieces – Compositional Theory
KINDS OF MEANING
Linguistic/Conceptual Meaning
Connotative/Referential Meaning
Social Meaning
Affective Meaning
Reflective and Collocative Meaning
Thematic Meaning
MEANING, THOUGHT AND REALITY
Sense and Concepts
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
Prototypes
Linguistic Relativity
The Language of Thought Hypothesis
LEXICAL RELATIONS – I
What are Lexical Relations?
Words and Lexical Items
Problems with Pinning Down Word Meaning
Homonym and Polysemy
Synonyms and Antonyms
LEXICAL RELATIONS – II
Hyponym
Meronymy
Causative Verbs and Agentive Nouns
Colour Terms
Core Vocabulary and Universal Lexemes
LEXICAL SEMANTICS: FIELDS AND COLLOCATION
Introduction
Pragmatic and Syntagmatic Relations – I
Pragmatic and Syntagmatic Relations – II
Semantic Fields
Collocations
Idioms
SENTENCE RELATIONS AND TRUTH
Logic and Truth
Propositional Logic
Predicate Logic
Entailment
Truth Conditional Semantics
PRESUPPOSITION
Introduction
Two Approaches to Presupposition
Presupposition Failure
Presupposition Triggers
Presupposition and Context
SENTENCE SEMANTICS – I: SITUATIONS
Introduction: Classifying Situations
Tense and Aspect
Modality
Mood
Evidentiality
SENTENCE SEMANTICS – II: PARTICIPANTS
Introduction: Classifying Participants
Thematic Roles – I (Agent, Patient, Theme, Experiencer)
Thematic Roles – II (Beneficiary, Instrument, Location, Goal, Source, Stimulus)
Identifying Thematic Roles
Problems with Thematic Roles
SEMANTICS AND GRAMMAR
Formal Grammar
Grammatical Categories
Grammar and Lexicon
Grammatical Relations
Case Grammar
FORMAL SEMANTICS TODAY
Diversity within Formal Semantics
Relationship with other Varieties of Semantics
Relationship with other Fields
Semantics and Society - I
Semantics and Society - II
SEMANTICS AND DICTIONARY
Practical Dictionary
Theoretical Dictionary
Lexical Rules (Graded Accessibility)
Types of Lexical Rules
Other Observations about Lexical Rules
INTRODUCTION TO PRAGMATICS
What is Pragmatics?
Types of Pragmatics
What Does Pragmatics Study?
Pragmatics and Linguistics
The Emergence of Pragmatics as a Distinct Field
HISTORY OF PRAGMATIC
Development and Expansion of Pragmatics
Pragmatics and Ordinary Language
The Term ‘Pragmatics’
The Prehistory of Pragmatics
Modern Pragmatics
CONTEXT AND PRAGMATICS
Introduction to Context and Pragmatics
Situational Context
Background Knowledge Context
Co-textual Context
Exploring Context
LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT: REFERENCE
Introduction to Reference
Referring to the Context Outside: Exophora
Referring to the Context Inside: Cohesion
Grammatical Cohesion
Lexical Cohesion
COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE
Introduction
Observing the Maxims
Flouting the Maxims
Violating the Maxims
Limitations of the Cooperative Principle
RELEVANCE THEORY
What Is Relevance Theory?
Principles of Relevance Theory
Explicatures and Implicatures
Conceptual and Procedural Meaning
Accessibility and Limitations of Relevance Theory
IMPLICATURE – I
What Is Implicature?
Conversational Implicature
Generalized Conversational Implicature
Scalar Implicature
Particularized Conversational Implicature
IMPLICATURE – II
Properties of Conversational Implicature
Conventional Implicature
Properties of Conventional Implicature
Strong Implicature
Weak Implicature
DEIXIS- I
What is Deixis?
Spatial Deixis
Person Deixis
Social Deixis
Temporal Deixis
DEIXIS- II
Discourse Deixis
Deictic Reference
Deictic Center
The Limits of Indexicality
Raising Pragmatic Awareness
PRESUPPOSITION AND ENTAILMENT IN PRAGMATICS
Introduction
Types of Presupposition
The Projection Problem
Ordered Entailments
Presupposition in the Real World
SPEECH ACTS THEORY
Introduction to Speech Acts
Austin’s Speech Act Theory
Searle’s Speech Act Theory
Felicity Conditions
Direct and Indirect Speech Acts
SPEECH ACTS AND SOCIETY
Social Dimensions
Cultural Dimensions
Limitations of Speech Act Theory
Macro-functions
Exploring Speech Acts
POLITENESS THEORY
What Is Politeness Theory?
Face Wants
Negative and Positive Face
Say Something: Off and On Record
Positive and Negative Politeness
Politeness Strategies
POLITENESS AND CONTEXT
Form and Function
Situational Context
Social Context
Cultural Context
Applying Politeness
CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS
What Is Conversational Analysis?
Turn-Taking
Pauses, Overlaps and Backchannels
Adjacency Pairs
Preference Structure
Sequences
CULTURE AND LANGUAGE LEARNING
Cross-cultural Pragmatics
Intercultural Pragmatics
Inter-language Pragmatics
Listener Behavior in CCP
Referential Communication
COMPUTER SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS
Computers and Linguistics
Computers, Corpora and Semantics
Computers and the Study of Translation
Computers and Pragmatics
Computers, Speech Acts and Conversation
INFORMATION STRUCTURE AND PRAGMATICS
Introduction to Information Structure
Given and New Information
Topics and Contrast
Definite and Referential Expressions
Generic and Specific Expressions
RESEARCH IN PRAGMATICS
The Nature of Pragmatic Investigation
Collecting Data for Pragmatic Analysis
Transcription of Conversation
Investigable Topics
Learning by Doing
KEY TERMS IN PRAGMATICS-I
Ambiguity, Disambiguation and Vagueness
Attributive Concept and Argumentation Theory / Referential / Attributive Distinction
Code Model
Communicative Competence
Demonstrative
Ellipsis
KEY TERMS IN PRAGMATICS-II
Folk Pragmatics
Formal and Experimental Pragmatics
Cognitive Pragmatics
Fragment
Metaphor and Synecdoche
Hyperbole and Irony
KEY TERMS IN PRAGMATICS-III
I-Principle and M-Principle
Q-Principle and R-Principle
Linguistic Under - Determinacy Thesis
Manifestness and Markedness
Misfire
Prosody and Tautology
KEY THINKERS IN PRAGMATICS
John Langshaw Austin
Noam Avram Chomsky
Herbert Paul Grice
Stephen C. Levinson
John Rogers Searle
INTERACTIONAL CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY
Introduction
Role of Sociocultural Factors in Identity
Action Theory
Studies of Identities
Occasioning Identity Work
Identity Work in an Educational Context
LANGUAGE, GENDER, AND POWER
Enactment of Gender in Language Use
Language and Gender: Western and Non-Western perspectives
Power: Language and Gender
Working of Language and Power: Political Discourse
Gender and Power Interactions
CLASSROOM PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Why Is Pragmatic Competence Important for 2nd Language Learners?
Can Pragmatic Competence be Taught or Learnt in Instructed Context?
What Gets in the Way of Developing Pragmatic Competence in a Classroom?
What can be Done to Facilitate Teaching and Learning of Pragmatic Competence?
Training in Pragmatics Outside the Traditional Language Classroom?
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