About the Material
The materials / resources on this site are a free and open publication of Virtual
University of Pakistan’s (VU) courses. These materials cover courses offered by
the University both at the undergraduate and graduate levels; however, it must be
noted that these materials are neither a VU education nor give the users any rights
and privileges of obtaining a degree from VU. Moreover, access to VU faculty, designers
and developers of these materials is not provided and it should be further noted
that these materials may not reflect the entire contents of a course. In short,
this is not a degree-granting or credit-bearing initiative.
Use of VU Name and Logo
"Virtual University of Pakistan", "VU", and its logo and seal are trademarks of
the Virtual University of Pakistan. Except for purposes of attribution as required
by VU’s Creative Commons License, you may not use VU’s name or logo, or any variations
thereof, without prior written consent of VU. You may not use the VU name in any
of its forms nor VU seals or logo for promotional purposes, or in any way that intentionally
or unintentionally claims, suggests, or in VU's sole judgment, gives the appearance
or impression of a relationship with or endorsement by VU.
Intellectual Property
Virtual University’s Creative Commons license lets you remix, tweak, and build upon
VU’s work non-commercially, as long as you credit VU and license your new creations
under identical terms. Therefore, every time you use these materials, you must give
credit to VU.
Creative Commons License
|
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
|
|
You are free:
|
|
to Share — to copy, distribute, display, and perform the
work
|
|
to Remix — to make derivative works
|
|
Under the following conditions:
|
|
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified
by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you
or your use of the work).
|
|
Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes.
|
|
Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work,
you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to
this one.
|
|
With the understanding that:
|
Waiver — Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission
from the copyright holder.
|
Public Domain — Where the work or any of its elements is in the
public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
|
Other Rights — In no way are any of the following rights affected
by the license:
- Your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and
limitations;
- The author's moral rights;
- Rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used,
such as publicity or privacy rights.
|
Notice — For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to
others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to
this web page.
|
|
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
This is a human-readable summary of the Legal Code (the full license).
|