Instructor
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Prof. Shakeel Amjad
M.Phil.
Beacon House National University
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Introduction
Language: A Purely Human and Non-Instinctive Communication
Language: A Symbol System
Behavioristic View of Language
Structural View of Language
Miscellaneous Definitions of Language
Animal Communication and Language
Talking Apes
Written Language
First Families
Towards a Science of Language
Future Indicatives
The Divine Source
The Natural Sound Source
The Social Interaction Source
The Physical Adaptation Source
The Tool-Making Source
The Genetic Source
Characteristics of Human Language
Displacement
Arbitrariness
Productivity
Cultural Transmission
Duality
Functions of Language (Verbal Communication)
Language is Expressive
Language is Powerful
Language as a Means of Control
Language is Performative
Language: A Dynamic and Relational Entity
Aspects of Nonverbal Communication
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Conveyance of Interpersonal and Emotional Messages
More Involuntary than Verbal
More Ambiguous
More Credible
Types of Nonverbal Communication Learning
Kinesics
Haptics
Vocalics
Proxemics
Chronemics
Introduction: Animal vs. Human Communication
Broadcast Transmission and Directional Reception
Creativity/Novelty/ Prevarication
Discreteness
Interchangeability
Semanticity
Introduction
Explicitness
Systematicness
Objectivity
The Scope of Linguistics
Intra-disciplinary Branches of Linguistics
General-Linguistics
Descriptive-Linguistics
Comparative Linguistics
Historical-Linguistics
Inter-disciplinary Branches
Sociolinguistics
Psycholinguistics
Applied Linguistics
Computational Linguistics
Geographical Linguistics
Introduction
Linguistics: Scientific Study of Language
Linguistics and Descriptivism
Linguistics: Non-Speculative Nature
Linguistics and Objectivity
Linguistics and Spoken Language
Definition
Nature and Functions of Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
Auditory Phonetics
Instrumental Phonetics
Definition
Difference Between Phonetics and Phonology
Phoneme: The Basic Unit of Phonology
Segmental Phonology
Supra-segmental Phonology
Syllable and Division of Words into Syllables
The Structure of the Syllable
Syllabic Consonants
Types of the Syllable
Consonant Clusters
Abutting Consonants
Definition
Types of Stress (Word-stress)
Sentence Stress
Syllable-timed Languages and Stress-timed Languages
General Rules of Stress
Morphology
Morpheme
Free Morphemes
Bound Morphemes
Lexical Morphemes
Functional Morphemes
Derivational Morphemes
Inflectional Morphemes
Derivational vs. Inflectional Morphemes
Morphological Description
Problems in Morphological Description
Morphs and Allomorphs
Coinage
Borrowing
Compounding / Blending
Clipping
Acronyms
Derivation (Prefixes, Suffixes, Infixes)
Grammar
Traditional Grammar
The Parts of Speech
Agreement
Grammatical Gender
Traditional Analysis
The Prescriptive Approach
The Descriptive Approach
Structural Analysis
Constituent Analysis
Labeled and Bracketed Sentences
A Gaelic Sentence
Introduction
Generative Grammar
Properties of Generative Grammar
Well-Formed Syntactic Structures
Finite Number of Rules
Recursion
Surface Structure
Deep Structure
Structural Ambiguity
Symbols Used in Syntactic Description
Labeled Tree Diagrams
Phrase Structure Rules
Lexical Rules
Back to Recursion
Transformational Rules
Particle Movement
IC analysis
Definition
Types of Meaning
Conceptual or Denotative Meaning
Associative or Connotative Meaning
Prepositional Meaning
The Prosodic Meaning
Semantic Features
Semantic Roles
Agent
Theme
Instrument
Experiencer, Location, Source and Goal
Synonymy
Antonymy
Hyponymy
Prototypes
Homophony, Homonymy and Polysemy
Metonymy
Definition
Invisible Meaning
No Text Without Context
Linguistic Context
Physical Context
Social/Cultural Context
Deixis/Deictic Expressions
Person Deixis
Place Deixis
Time Deixis
Reference
Inference
Anaphora
Presupposition
Constancy under Negation Test
Speech Acts
Direct Speech Acts
Indirect Speech Acts
Definitions
The Origins of Discourse Analysis
Critical Discourse Analysis
Interpreting Discourse
Cohesion
Coherence
Discourse Typology: Spoken and Written, Formal and Informal
Discourse and the Sentence
Discourse as Process
Discourse as Dialogue
Information Structure in Discourse
Knowledge in Discourse: Schemata
Conversation as Discourse Type
Conversation Analysis
Turn-taking
Conversational Principles: Cooperative
Flouting the Cooperative Principle
Conversational Principles: Politeness
Introduction
A Brief History of the CDA Group
Considering Critical in Critical Discourse Analysis
Considering Discourse in Critical Discourse Analysis
Considering Analysis in Critical Discourse Analysis
Different Approaches to CDA
Introduction
Scope
Major Branches
Linguistics Applied
Introduction
Neurolinguistics
Language Areas in Brain
Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area
The Motor Cortex and the Arcuate Fasciculus
The Localization View
Tongue Tips and Slips
Slips of the Ear
Aphasia
Types of Aphasia
Dichotic Listening
The Critical Period
Introduction
The Standard Language and Vernacular Language
Accent and Dialect (Dialectology)
Pidgin and Creole
Diglossia and Polyglossia
Language and Culture
Acquisition and Stages of Acquisition
Cooing and Babbling
The One-Word Stage
The Two-Word Stage
Telegraphic Speech
Summary/Discussion
The Acquisition Process
Developing Morphology
Developing Syntax
Forming Questions
Forming Negatives
Developing Semantics
Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Acquisition Barriers
Affective Factors
Focus on Method
Focus on the Learner
Communicative Competence
Introduction
The Family Tree Model
Grimm’s Law
The Comparative Method
The Wave Model
Language Change
What is Computational Linguistics?
Processes and Methods of CL
Morphological Processing
Syntactic Processing
Semantic Processing
Application of CL
LEXICOGRAPHY
The Dictionary: Definition and History
Source Materials for Dictionaries
Uses and Users of Dictionaries
Corpora for Lexicography
Developments in Electronic Dictionary Design
Linguistic Corpora and the Compilation of Dictionaries
What is Linguistic Research or Research in Linguistics?
Research Trends in Applied Linguistics
Current Trends in Linguistic Research Methodology
Research Trends in Linguistics in China
Research Trends in Linguistics in Japan
Trends of Linguistics in India
Recent Progress in Applied Linguistics
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