Course Overview
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Course Synopsis
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This course is developed to enable the students with fundamental concepts and techniques used in Biotechnology with the following objectives.
1. To understand the basic concepts of Biotechnology and methods used in the manipulation of biomolecules to create novel products.
2. To understand how biotechnology tools are used to modify an organism.
3. To become aware of the numerous benefits of Biotechnology and its utilization in basic and applied sciences.
4. To develop an understanding of the regulatory and social issues surrounding biotechnology.
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Course Learning Outcomes
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After learning this course, student will
- Understand the principles of Biotechnology and its branches.
- Describe the mechanisms and importance of PCR techniques to study nucleic acids.
- Explain applications of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture, health and production of therapeutic molecules.
- Demonstrate the ability to apply different research strategies to solve biotechnology problems.
- Apply the concepts of Biotechnology in Environmental Management.
- Illustrate the various aspects of Biotechnological applications in Fermentation Industry.
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Course Calendar
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Week 01
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1
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Introduction to Biotechnology
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2
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Biotechnology in 21st Century
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4
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Roots of Biotechnology (2)
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7
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Commercialising Biotechnology
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10
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Chemical composition of DNA
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Week 02
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11
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Nucleoside & Nucleotide
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12
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Types of Deoxyribonucleotides
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13
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How do Deoxyribonucleotides Join?
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15
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Work of Franklin & Wilkins
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17
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Chemical composition of RNA
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18
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Types of Ribonucleotides
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Week 03
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21
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Chemical composition of proteins
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22
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Primary structure of proteins
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23
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Secondary structure of proteins
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26
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Tertiary Structure of Proteins
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27
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Quaternary Structure of Proteins
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28
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Genetic Materials in Viruses
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29
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Organization of Genetic Material in Bacteria -1
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30
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Organization of Genetic Material in Bacteria - 2
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31
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Organization of Genetic Material in Eukaryotes
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33
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Genomics, Proteomics and metabolomics
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35
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Genome characterization-technique used
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Week 04
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37
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Benefits of Genomes research
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38
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Genes and Sizes of Genomes
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43
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Chloroplast genome (cpDNA)
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46
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Comparing distantly and closely related species
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47
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Anatomy and organization of genome
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49
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Prokaryotic gene and eukaryotic gene
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50
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Types of eukaryotic DNA
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Assignment No.1
Week 05
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51
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Duplicated genes and Pseudogenes
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54
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Movement of transposons and retrotransposons
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55
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Transposons in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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59
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Basic Techniques of Gene Manipulation-an overview
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60
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Isolation of genomic DNA
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61
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Agarose gel electrophoresis
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Week 06
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67
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Transformation of E. coli , Electroporation
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68
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Transformation with other organisms
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69
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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70
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Cutting and Joining DNA molecules
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71
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Host-controlled restriction modification
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72
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Types of restriction and modification (R-M) system
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73
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Nomenclature of restriction endonucleases
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74
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Target sites of restriction endonucleases
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75
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Number and size of restriction fragments
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76
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Summary of restriction endonucleases
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78
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Methods of joining DNA fragments
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79
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DNA ligase to create covalent recombinant DNA
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Quiz No.1
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81
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Blunt end ligation via linker molecules
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84
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Cloning of cDNA by Homopolymer tailing
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Week 07
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86
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Interconversion of plasmid DNA
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87
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Effect of ethidium bromide on supercoiling of DNA
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88
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Phenotypic traits exhibited by plasmids
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89
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Properties of Conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids
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90
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Host range of plasmids
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91
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Partitioning and segregative stability of plasmids
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92
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Incompatibility of plasmids
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93
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Purification of plasmid DNA
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94
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Desirable properties of plasmid cloning vehicles
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95
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Natural plasmids as cloning vehicles
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96
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Use of pSC101 for cloning
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97
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pBR322, a purpose-built cloning vehicle
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99
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Improved vectors derived from pBR322
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100
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Runaway plasmid vectors
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101
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Bacteriophage lambda as cloning vector
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102
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Replication of phage-lambda DNA in lytic and lysogenic cycles
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103
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Modified lambda phages
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104
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Steps in cloning with lambda
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105
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Packaging phage-lambda DNA in vitro
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Week 08
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106
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Vectors for DNA sequencing: bacteriophage M13
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108
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Modified schemes for cloning in Cosmid vectors
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110
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Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)
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111
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Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)
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112
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Shuttle and Expression vectors
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113
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Comparison of different cloning vectors-summary
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114
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Overview of cloning strategies
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115
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Genomic DNA libraries
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116
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LambdaEMBL vectors for genomic library construction
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117
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Genomic libraries in high-capacity vectors
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118
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PCR as an alternative to genomic DNA cloning
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Mid Semester Exam
Week 09
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121
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Preparation of cDNA for cloning
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122
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Improved methods for cDNA cloning
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123
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PCR as an alternative for cDNA cloning
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125
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Screening by hybridization
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126
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Benton and Davis’ plaque lift procedure
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132
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Immunochemical screening
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133
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Immunochemical screening of lambdagt11
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134
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South-western and north-western blotting
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135
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Screening by functional complementation
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Week 10
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136
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Requirement for expression in E. coli
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137
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Secretion of proteins
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139
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Stability of foreign proteins in E. coli
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140
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Constructing the optimal promoter
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Assignment No.2
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141
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Optimizing translation initiation
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142
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Stability of mRNA and codon choice
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143
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The effect of plasmid copy number
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145
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Structural instability
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146
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Host cell physiology can affect the level of expression
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147
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DNA sequencing: Benefits and Applications
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149
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Chain termination or dideoxy procedure
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150
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Modifications of chain terminator sequencing
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Week 11
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151
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Automated DNA sequencing
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153
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DNA sequence databases
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GDB
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156
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Primer extension: the single primer method
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157
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PCR methods for site-directed mutagenesis
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159
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PCR principles and procedure
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165
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Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)
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Quiz No.2
Week 12
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174
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PCR-Forensic sciences
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175
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PCR-Agricultural sciences and environment
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176
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PCR-Molecular paleontology
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178
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Markers for genome mapping
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179
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Genetic linkage mapping
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Week 13
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181
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Physical versus linkage maps
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182
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The use of RFLPs in physical maps
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184
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SNPs as physical markers
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185
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Polymorphic DNA detection in the absence of sequence information
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186
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AFLPs detection in the absence of sequence information
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187
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
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188
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Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping
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192
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High-throughput sequencing
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194
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Clone-by-clone sequencing
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195
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Orthologs and paralogs
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Week 14
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196
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Comparative genomics of bacteria
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197
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Comparative genomics of organelles
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198
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Comparative genomics of eukaryotes
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201
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Oligonucleotide Chips
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202
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Applications of Microarray-Microbial gene expression analysis
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203
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Applications of Microarray-Profiling in human disease
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205
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Screening phage display libraries
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206
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Applications of phage display
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207
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Knock Outs & Knock Inns
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209
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Applications of siRNA
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Semester End-Exam
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